How do lichens contribute to primary succession?
Lichens are typically the first organisms to colonize bare rock. They are therefore the pioneer in primary succession.
Many organisms require soil before they can colonize an area. Lichens that colonize bare rock secrete acids that break down the rock and start the soil-production process. Also, as lichens die, they provide some organic matter that also contributes to soil. Mosses can then colonize the thin soil; as mosses die, the soil thickens more allowing other hardy species to colonize. The process continues until a mature forest forms, sometimes centuries later.
The image below shows a cross section of a lichen. They are half fungi and half protist.
Top-quality papers guaranteed
100% original papers
We sell only unique pieces of writing completed according to your demands.
Confidential service
We use security encryption to keep your personal data protected.
Money-back guarantee
We can give your money back if something goes wrong with your order.
Enjoy the free features we offer to everyone
-
Title page
Get a free title page formatted according to the specifics of your particular style.
-
Custom formatting
Request us to use APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, or any other style for your essay.
-
Bibliography page
Don’t pay extra for a list of references that perfectly fits your academic needs.
-
24/7 support assistance
Ask us a question anytime you need to—we don’t charge extra for supporting you!
Calculate how much your essay costs
What we are popular for
- English 101
- History
- Business Studies
- Management
- Literature
- Composition
- Psychology
- Philosophy
- Marketing
- Economics